English language learners publications

Books and proceedings

Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (Eds.). (2016). Adaptive educational technologies for literacy instruction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315647500

McCrudden, M. T., & McNamara, D. S. (2017). Cognition in Education. Routledge.

Journal articles, book chapters, proceedings, encyclopedia articles, and book reviews

Crossley, S.A., Louwerse, M., McCarthy, P.M., & McNamara, D.S. (2007).  A linguistic analysis of simplified and authentic texts. Modern Language Journal, 91, 15-30.

Crossley, S.A., McCarthy, P.M. & McNamara, D.S. (2007). Discriminating between second language learning text-types. In D. Wilson & G. Sutcliffe (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 205-210). Menlo Park, California: The AAAI Press.

Hall, C., McCarthy, P.M., Lewis, G.A., Lee, D.S., & McNamara, D.S. (2007).  A Coh-Metrix assessment of American and English/Welsh Legal English.  Coyote Papers: Psycholinguistic and Computational Perspectives.  University of Arizona Working Papers in Linguistics, 15, 40-54.

McCarthy, P.M., Lehenbauer, B.M., Hall, C., Duran, N.D., Fujiwara, Y., & McNamara, D.S. (2007). A Coh-Metrix analysis of discourse variation in the texts of Japanese, American, and British Scientists. Foreign Languages for Specific Purposes, 6, 46-77.

Crossley, S.A., Greenfield, J., & McNamara, D.S. (2008). Assessing text readability using cognitively based indices. TESOL Quarterly, 42, 475-493.

Crossley, S.A. & McNamara, D.S. (2008). Assessing second language reading texts at the intermediate level: An approximate replication of Crossley, Louwerse, McCarthy, and McNamara (2007). Language Teaching, 41, 229-409.

Crossley, S.A., Salsbury, T. McCarthy, P.M., & McNamara, D.S. (2008), LSA as a measure of coherence in second language natural discourse. In V. Sloutsky, B. Love, & K. McRae (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp.1906-1911). Washington, D.C.: Cognitive Science Society.

Crossley, S.A., Salsbury, T., McCarthy, P.M., & McNamara, D.S. (2008). Using latent semantic analysis to explore second language lexical development. In D. Wilson & G. Sutcliffe (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 136-141). Menlo Park, CA: The AAAI Press.

Crossley, S.A., Louwerse, M., & McNamara, D.S. (2009). Identifying linguistic cues that distinguish text types: A comparison of first and second language speakers. Language Research, 42, 361-381.

Crossley, S.A. & McNamara, D.S. (2009). Computational assessment of lexical differences in L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18, 119-135.

Crossley, S.A., Salsbury, T., & McNamara, D.S. (2009). Measuring L2 lexical growth using hypernymic relationships. Language Learning, 59, 307-334.

McCarthy, P.M., Hall, C., Duran, N.D., Doiuchi, M., Duncan, B., Fujiwara, Y., & McNamara, D.S. (2009). Analyzing journal abstracts written by Japanese, American, and British scientists using Coh-Metrix and the Gramulator. The ESPecialist, 30, 141-173.

Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., & McNamara, D. S. (2010). The development of polysemy and frequency use in English second language speakers. Language Learning, 60, 573-605. [Awarded most outstanding article of the year in Language Learning for 2010.] [

Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., & McNamara, D. S. (2010). The development of semantic relations in second language speakers. A case for Latent Semantic Analysis. Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7, 55-74.

Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., & McNamara, D. S. (2010). The role of lexical cohesive devices in triggering negotiations for meaning. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 18, 55-80.

Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2011). Shared features of L2 writing: Intergroup homogeneity and text classification. Journal of Second Language Writing, doi: 10.1016/j.jslw2011.05.007.

Crossley, S.A., & McNamara, D.S. (2011). Understanding expert ratings of essay quality: Coh-Metrix analyses of first and second language writing. IJCEELL, 21, 170-191.

Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., McNamara, D. S., & Jarvis, S. (2011). Predicting lexical proficiency in language learner texts using computational indices. Language Testing, 28, 562-580.

Crossley, S.A., Salsbury, T., McNamara, D.S., & Jarvis, S. (2011). What is lexical proficiency? Some answers from computational models of speech data. TESOL Quarterly, 45, 182-193.

Salsbury, T., Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2011). Psycholinguistic word information in second language oral discourse. Second Language Research, 27, 343-360.

Crossley, S.A., Allen, D., & McNamara, D.S. (2012). Text simplification and comprehensive input: A case for intuitive approach. Language Teaching and Research, 16, 89-108.

Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2012). Detecting the first language of second language writers using automated indices of cohesion, lexical sophistication, syntactic complexity and conceptual knowledge. In S. Jarvis & S. A. Crossley (Eds.), Approaching language transfer through text classification: Explorations in the detection-based approach (pp. 106-126). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Crossley, S.A., & McNamara, D. S. (2012). Interlanguage talk: A computational analysis of non-native speakers’ lexical production and exposure. In P. M. McCarthy & C. Boonthum-Denecke (Eds.), Applied natural language processing and content analysis: Identification, investigation, and resolution (pp. 425-437). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Crossley, S.A., & McNamara, D.S. (2012). Predicting second language writing proficiency: The roles of cohesion and linguistic sophistication. Journal of Research in Reading, 53, 115-136.

Crossley, S.A., Salsbury, T., & McNamara, D. S. (2012). Predicting the proficiency level of language learners using lexical indices. Language Testing, 29, 240-260.

Di Sano, S., La Caprara, K., Rosa, A., Raine, R. B., & McNamara, D. S. (2012). Learning to write persuasive essays: A preliminary study on the effectiveness of an intelligent tutorial system with high school students. In C. Gelati, B. Arfe, & L. Mason (Eds.), Issues in writing research (pp. 214-220). Padua: CLEUP.

Jarvis, S., Bestgen, Y., Crossley, S. A., Granger, S., Paquot, M., Thewissen, J., & McNamara, D. S. (2012). The comparative and combined contributions of n-grams, Coh-Metrix indices and error types in the L1 classification of learner texts. In S. Jarvis & S. A. Crossley (Eds.), Approaching language transfer through text classification: Explorations in the detection-based approach (pp. 154-177). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Kyle, K., Crossley, S. A., Dai, J., & McNamara, D. S. (2013). Native language identification: A key ngrams approach. In Proceedings of the North American Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)(pp. 242).

Allen, L. K., Crossley, S. A., Snow, E. L., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). Game-based writing strategy tutoring for second language learners: Game enjoyment as a key to engagement. Language Learning and Technology, 18, 124-150.

Crossley, S. A., Kyle, K., Allen, L. K., Guo, L., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). Linguistic microfeatures to predict L2 writing proficiency: A case study in automated writing evaluation. Journal of Writing Assessment. [LINK]

Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). Does writing development equal writing quality? A computational investigation of syntactic complexity in L2 learners. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26, 66-79.

Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., Titak, A., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). Frequency effects and second language lexical acquisition: Word types, word tokens, and word production. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 19, 301-332.

Crossley, S. A., Sung, H., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). What’s so simple about simplified texts? A computational and psycholinguistic investigation of text comprehension and text processing. Reading in a Foreign Language, 26, 92-113.

McNamara, D. S. & Schober, M. F. (Eds.). (2014). Society for Text and Discourse Annual Meeting 2013: Introduction to the Special Issue [Special issue]. Discourse Processes, 51(5-6), 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2014.915378 [PDF]

Dascalu, M., Stavarache, L. L., Dessus, P., Trausan-Matu, S., McNamara, D. S., & Maryse, B. (2015). ReaderBench: An integrated cohesion-centered framework. In C. Rensing, T. Klobucar, & G. Conole (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (ECTEL), (pp. 505-508). Toledo, Spain: Springer.

Dascalu, M., Trausan-Matu, S., McNamara, D. S., & Dessus, P. (2015). ReaderBench – Automated evaluation of collaboration based on cohesion and dialogism. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 10(4), 395-423.

Higgs, K., Magliano, J. P., Vidal-Abarca, E., Martínez, T., & McNamara D. S. (2015). Bridging skill and task-oriented reading. Discourse Processes. 

Jung, Y., Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2015). Linguistic features in MELAB writing task performances. CaMLA Working Papers, No 2015-5, 1-17. Retrieved from Cambridge Michigan Language Assessments website: http://www.cambridgemichigan.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/CWP-2015-05.pdf .

McNamara, D. S. (2015). Self-Explanation and Reading Strategy Training (SERT) Improves low-knowledge students’ science course performance. Discourse Processes. [LINK]

McNamara, D. S. & Schober, M. F. (Eds.). (2015). 2014 Society for Text and Discourse Annual Meeting: Introduction to the Special Issue [Special issue]. Discourse Processes, 52(5-6), 335-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2015.1045802 [PDF]

Roscoe, R. D., Jacovina, M. E., Harry, D., Russell, D. G., & McNamara, D. S. (2015). Partial verbal redundancy in multimedia presentations for writing strategy instruction. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, 669–679. doi: 10.1002/acp.3149

San Pedro, M. O., Snow, E. L., McNamara, D. S., Baker. R. S., & Heffernan, N. (2015) Exploring dynamical assessments of affect, behavior, and cognition and math state test achievement. In O. C. Santos, J. G. Boticario, C. Romero, M. Pechenizkiy, A. Merceron, P. Mitros, J. M. Luna, C. Mihaescu, P. Moreno, A. Hershkovitz, S. Ventura, & M. Desmarais (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2015), (pp. 85-92). Madrid, Spain.

Sullins, J., McNamara, D. S., Acuff, S., Neely, D., Hildebrand, E., Stewart, G., & Hu, X. (2015). Are you asking the right questions: The use of animated agents to teach learners to become better question askers. In C. Boonthum-Denecke, I. Russell, & W. Eberle (Eds.), Proceedings of the 28th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society (FLAIRS) Conference (pp. 479-481). Hollywood, FL: AAAI Press. [

Crossley, S. A., Allen, L. K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). The Writing Pal: A writing strategy tutor. In S. A. Crossley & D. S. McNamara (Eds.) Adaptive educational technologies for literacy instruction (pp. 204-224). New York: Taylor & Francis, Routledge.

Crossley, S. A., Kyle, K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). The development and use of cohesive devices in L2 writing and their relations to judgments of essay quality. The Journal of Second Language Writing, 32, 1-16.

Crossley, S. A., Kyle, K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). The Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Text Cohesion (TAACO): Automatic assessment of local, global, and text cohesion. Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1227-1237.

Crossley, S. A. & McNamara, D. S. (2016). Educational technologies and literacy development. In S. A. Crossley & D. S. McNamara (Eds.) Adaptive educational technologies for literacy instruction (pp. 1-12). New York: Taylor & Francis, Routledge.

Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). Say more and be more coherent: How elaboration and cohesion can increase writing quality. The Journal of Writing Research, 7(3), 351-370.

Crossley, S. A., Muldner, K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). Idea generation in student writing: Computer assessments and links to successful writing. Written Communication, 1-27.

Dascalu, M., McNamara, D. S., Crossley, S. A., & Trausan-Matu, S. (2016). Age of exposure: A model of word learning. In S. Zilberstein, D. Schuurmans, & M. Wellman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI’16). Phoenix, AZ: AAAI Press.

Jackson, G. T., Allen, L. K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). Common Core TERA: Text Ease and Readability Assessor. In D. S. McNamara & S. A. Crossley (Eds.) Adaptive educational technologies for literacy instruction (pp.49-68). New York: Taylor & Francis, Routledge.

Liu, Z., Brown, R., Lynch, C.F., Barnes, T., Baker, R., Bergner, Y., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). MOOC learner behaviors by country and culture; an exploratory analysis. In T. Barnes, M. Chi, & M. Feng (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2016), (pp.127-134). Raleigh, NC: International Educational Data Mining Society.

Snow, E. L., Likens, A. D., Allen, L. K., & McNamara, D. S. (2016). Taking control: Stealth assessment of deterministic behaviors within a game-based system. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26, 1011-1032.

Crossley, S. A., Barnes, T., Lynch, C., & McNamara, D. S. (2017). Linking language to math success in blended course. In X. Hu, T. Barnes, A. Hershkovitz, & L. Paquette (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (pp. 180-185), Wuhan, China: International Educational Data Mining Society.

Crossley, S. A., Dascalu, M., Baker, M., McNamara, D. S., & Trausan-Matu, S. (2017). Predicting Success in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) Using Cohesion Network Analysis. In B. K. Smith, M. Borge, K. Y. Lim, & E. Mercier (Eds.), In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2017). (pp. 103-110). Philadelphia, PA: ISLS. [PDF]

Dascalu, M., Gutu, G., Paraschiv, I., Ruseti, s., Dessus, P., McNamara, D. S., Crossley, S. A., & Trausan-Matu, S. (2017). Cohesion-centered analysis of CSCL environments using ReaderBench. In B. Boulay, R.Baker, & E. Andre (Eds.),18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2017). (pp. 485–489). Wuhan, China: Springer.

Dascalu, M., McNamara, D. S., Trausan-Matu, S., & Allen, L. K., (2017). Cohesion network analysis of CSCL participation. Behavior Research Methods, 1-16.

Jackson, G. T. & McNamara, D. S. (2017). The motivation and mastery cycle framework: Predicting long-term benefits of educational games. In Y. Baek (Ed.), Game-based learning: Theory, strategies and performance outcomes. (pp. 97 – 122). Nova Science Publishers: New York.

Likens, A. D., Allen, L. K., & McNamara, D. S. (2017). Keystroke dynamics predict essay quality. In G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. Davelaar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2017), (pp.2573-2578). London, UK: Cognitive Science Society.

Banawan, M., Butterfuss, R. Taylor, K. S., Christhilf, K., Hsu, C., O’Loughlin, C., Allen, L. K., Roscoe, R. D., McNamara, D. S. (2023). The Future of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Writing. In O. Kruse, C. Rapp, C. M. Anson, K. Benetos, E. Cotos, A. Devitt, A. Shibani (Eds.), Digital Writing Technologies in Higher Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36033-6_23 [LINK]

Kendeou, P., McMaster, K. L., McNamara, D. S., Wilke, B. C. (2023). Literacy. In: P. A. Schutz, & K. R. Muis (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology (4th Ed., pp. 553-575) Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429433726-28 [PDF]

Potter, A., Wilson, J., Roscoe, R.D., Arner, T., & McNamara, D.S. (in press). Computer-based writing instruction. Chapter submitted to C.A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (3rd ed.). Guilford.